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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="scroll-smooth">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Forge Kernel - ForgeDatabaseSql</title>
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Forge Kernel
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Core Concepts
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<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-4">
ForgeDatabaseSql
</h3>
<nav class="space-y-2">
<a
href="#overview"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Overview</a
>
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href="#architecture"
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>Architecture & Design</a
>
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href="#installation"
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>Installation</a
>
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href="#database-drivers"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Database Drivers</a
>
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href="#connection-management"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Connection Management</a
>
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href="#migrations-overview"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Migrations Overview</a
>
<a
href="#attribute-migrations"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Attribute-Based Migrations</a
>
<a
href="#raw-sql-migrations"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Raw SQL Migrations</a
>
<a
href="#migration-scoping"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Migration Scoping</a
>
<a
href="#migration-grouping"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Migration Grouping</a
>
<a
href="#migration-commands"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Migration Commands</a
>
<a
href="#seeders"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Seeders</a
>
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href="#seeder-commands"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Seeder Commands</a
>
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href="#schema-formatters"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Schema Formatters</a
>
<a
href="#column-types"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Column Types</a
>
<a
href="#direct-database-access"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Direct Database Access</a
>
<a
href="#examples"
class="nav-link block px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 rounded-md hover:text-blue-600"
>Usage Examples</a
>
<a
href="#best-practices"
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>Best Practices</a
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<!-- Main Content -->
<div class="lg:w-3/4">
<div class="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-8">
<h1 class="text-4xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql
</h1>
<p class="text-xl text-gray-600 mb-8">
SQL database support for Forge Kernel.
Multi-database support (SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL),
flexible migrations (attribute-based and raw SQL),
seeders with auto-rollback, and comprehensive
connection management.
</p>
<!-- Overview -->
<section id="overview" class="section-anchor mb-12">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Overview
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql provides comprehensive SQL
database support for Forge Kernel applications.
It offers multi-database driver support,
flexible migration systems, seeders, and direct
database access through a clean PDO-based
abstraction.
</p>
<div
class="bg-blue-50 border border-blue-200 rounded-lg p-6 mb-6"
>
<h3 class="font-semibold text-lg mb-4">
Key Features
</h3>
<div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-4">
<div class="space-y-2">
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Multi-database support (SQLite,
MySQL, PostgreSQL)</span
>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Attribute-based
migrations</span
>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span>Raw SQL migrations</span>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Migration scoping (app, kernel,
module)</span
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="space-y-2">
<div class="flex items-center">
<span>Migration grouping</span>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Seeders with
auto-rollback</span
>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Schema formatters for
cross-database
compatibility</span
>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center">
<span
>Full transaction support</span
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
What ForgeDatabaseSql Provides
</h3>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
<strong>Multi-Database Support:</strong>
SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL with automatic
SQL formatting
</li>
<li>
<strong>Flexible Migrations:</strong> Both
attribute-based and raw SQL migration
approaches
</li>
<li>
<strong>Migration Scoping:</strong> Organize
migrations by app, kernel, or module
</li>
<li>
<strong>Migration Grouping:</strong> Group
migrations by feature or domain
</li>
<li>
<strong>Seeders:</strong> Database seeding
with automatic rollback support
</li>
<li>
<strong>Schema Formatters:</strong>
Database-specific SQL generation for
cross-database compatibility
</li>
<li>
<strong>Connection Management:</strong>
PDO-based abstraction with transaction
support
</li>
<li>
<strong>Direct Database Access:</strong>
Full access to PDO methods for custom
queries
</li>
</ul>
<div
class="bg-green-50 border-l-4 border-green-400 p-4 mb-6"
>
<p class="text-sm text-green-700">
<strong>Core Module:</strong>
ForgeDatabaseSql is a core database module
(type: 'database', order: 0), providing
essential database functionality for Forge
Kernel applications.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Architecture & Design -->
<section id="architecture" class="section-anchor mb-12">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Architecture & Design Philosophy
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql is built with flexibility,
cross-database compatibility, and developer
experience in mind.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
PDO-Based Connection Abstraction
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
ForgeDatabaseSql uses PDO as the foundation:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
PDO provides consistent interface across
database drivers
</li>
<li>
Connection class wraps PDO with
Forge-specific features
</li>
<li>
Implements DatabaseConnectionInterface for
dependency injection
</li>
<li>
Full transaction support with
beginTransaction(), commit(), rollBack()
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Database Driver Abstraction
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
DatabaseDriverInterface provides driver
abstraction:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
PdoDatabaseDriver implements driver-specific
DSN generation
</li>
<li>
Automatic driver detection from connection
</li>
<li>
Driver-specific SQL formatting via schema
formatters
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Schema Formatters for Cross-Database
Compatibility
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Schema formatters ensure SQL compatibility:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>MySqlFormatter for MySQL-specific SQL</li>
<li>
PostgreSqlFormatter for PostgreSQL-specific
SQL
</li>
<li>SqliteFormatter for SQLite-specific SQL</li>
<li>
Automatic formatter selection based on
driver
</li>
<li>
Column type mapping for cross-database
compatibility
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Flexible Migration System
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Two migration approaches for different needs:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
<strong>Attribute-Based:</strong> Use PHP 8
attributes to define schema, automatic SQL
generation
</li>
<li>
<strong>Raw SQL:</strong> Full control with
createTable(), dropTable(), execute()
methods
</li>
<li>
Both approaches support migration scoping
and grouping
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Installation -->
<section id="installation" class="section-anchor mb-12">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Installation
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql is a core module and is
typically available by default. It can also be
installed via ForgePackageManager.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Using ForgePackageManager
</h3>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-bash"># Install with wizard (interactive)
php forge.php package:install-module
# Install directly (skip wizard)
php forge.php package:install-module --module=ForgeDatabaseSql
# Install specific version
php forge.php package:install-module --module=ForgeDatabaseSql@0.2.1</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Database Configuration
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Configure your database connection in your
environment configuration:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">// Database configuration
'database' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite', // or 'mysql', 'pgsql'
'host' => 'localhost',
'Database' => 'forge_app', // or file path for SQLite
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
]</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Connection Setup
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
The module automatically sets up the database
connection via DatabaseSetup:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">public function register(Container $container): void
{
$env = Environment::getInstance();
DatabaseSetup::setup($container, $env);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Database Drivers -->
<section
id="database-drivers"
class="section-anchor mb-12"
>
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Database Drivers
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql supports three database
drivers, each with specific features and use
cases.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">SQLite</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
File-based database, perfect for development and
small applications:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
No server required — single file database
</li>
<li>Perfect for development and testing</li>
<li>
Foreign keys enabled by default (PRAGMA
foreign_keys = ON)
</li>
<li>Busy timeout configured (2000ms)</li>
<li>
Limited ALTER TABLE support (foreign keys
handled differently)
</li>
</ul>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">'database' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'Database' => BASE_PATH . '/storage/database.sqlite',
]</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">MySQL</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Production-ready database with InnoDB engine:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>InnoDB engine with utf8mb4 charset</li>
<li>Full foreign key support</li>
<li>
Production-ready for high-traffic
applications
</li>
<li>Auto-increment support</li>
</ul>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">'database' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'Database' => 'forge_app',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => 'password',
]</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
PostgreSQL
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Advanced database with JSON support and advanced
features:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>Advanced JSON support</li>
<li>
SERIAL types for auto-increment (instead of
AUTO_INCREMENT)
</li>
<li>Full foreign key support</li>
<li>Advanced data types and features</li>
</ul>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">'database' => [
'driver' => 'pgsql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'Database' => 'forge_app',
'username' => 'postgres',
'password' => 'password',
]</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Driver Detection
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
The driver is automatically detected from the
connection:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">$driver = $connection->getDriver(); // Returns: 'sqlite', 'mysql', or 'pgsql'</code></pre>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Connection Management -->
<section
id="connection-management"
class="section-anchor mb-12"
>
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Connection Management
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql provides a PDO-based connection
abstraction through DatabaseConnectionInterface.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Connection Methods
</h3>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">// Execute DDL statements (CREATE, DROP, ALTER)
$connection->exec("CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)");
// Execute SELECT queries
$stmt = $connection->query("SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10");
$results = $stmt->fetchAll();
// Prepare parameterized queries
$stmt = $connection->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");
$stmt->execute([':id' => 1]);
$user = $stmt->fetch();
// Get underlying PDO instance
$pdo = $connection->getPdo();
// Get database driver
$driver = $connection->getDriver(); // 'sqlite', 'mysql', or 'pgsql'</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Transaction Support
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Full transaction support for data integrity:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">$connection->beginTransaction();
try {
$stmt = $connection->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (:name)");
$stmt->execute([':name' => 'John']);
$connection->commit();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$connection->rollBack();
throw $e;
}</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Using in Controllers
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Inject DatabaseConnectionInterface in your
controllers:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">use Forge\Core\Contracts\Database\DatabaseConnectionInterface;
final class HomeController
{
public function __construct(
public readonly DatabaseConnectionInterface $connection,
) {
}
public function index(): Response
{
$stmt = $this->connection->query("SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 5");
$users = $stmt->fetchAll();
// ...
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Migrations Overview -->
<section
id="migrations-overview"
class="section-anchor mb-12"
>
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Migrations Overview
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
ForgeDatabaseSql provides two migration
approaches: attribute-based and raw SQL. Both
support migration scoping, grouping, and
batching.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Two Migration Approaches
</h3>
<div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-6">
<div
class="bg-blue-50 border border-blue-200 rounded-lg p-4"
>
<h4 class="font-semibold text-sm mb-2">
Attribute-Based
</h4>
<ul
class="text-xs text-gray-600 space-y-1 list-disc list-inside"
>
<li>Use PHP 8 attributes</li>
<li>Automatic schema reflection</li>
<li>Automatic SQL generation</li>
<li>Type-safe column definitions</li>
<li>Best for standard schemas</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div
class="bg-green-50 border border-green-200 rounded-lg p-4"
>
<h4 class="font-semibold text-sm mb-2">
Raw SQL
</h4>
<ul
class="text-xs text-gray-600 space-y-1 list-disc list-inside"
>
<li>Full SQL control</li>
<li>Use createTable(), dropTable()</li>
<li>Custom SQL with execute()</li>
<li>Driver-specific optimizations</li>
<li>Best for complex schemas</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Migration Tracking
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Migrations are tracked in the
<code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded"
>forge_migrations</code
>
table:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-sql">CREATE TABLE forge_migrations (
migration VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY,
batch INT NOT NULL,
type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- 'app', 'core', or 'module'
module VARCHAR(255) NULL, -- Module name if type='module'
migration_group VARCHAR(255) NULL -- Group name if grouped
)</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Migration Batching
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Migrations run in batches for atomic execution:
</p>
<ul
class="list-disc list-inside space-y-2 text-gray-600 mb-4"
>
<li>
All migrations in a batch run in a single
transaction
</li>
<li>
If any migration fails, the entire batch is
rolled back
</li>
<li>Batch numbers increment automatically</li>
<li>Rollback can target specific batches</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Attribute-Based Migrations -->
<section
id="attribute-migrations"
class="section-anchor mb-12"
>
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Attribute-Based Migrations
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
Use PHP 8 attributes to define your database
schema. The migration system automatically
reflects the schema and generates SQL.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Basic Structure
</h3>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Table;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Column;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Migrations\Migration;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Enums\ColumnType;
#[Table('users')]
class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
#[Column('id', ColumnType::INTEGER, primaryKey: true, autoIncrement: true)]
public int $id;
#[Column('email', ColumnType::STRING, length: 255, unique: true)]
public string $email;
#[Column('password', ColumnType::STRING, length: 255)]
public string $password;
// up() and down() are automatically generated
}</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Column Attributes
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Define columns using the #[Column] attribute:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">#[Column(
name: 'email',
type: ColumnType::STRING,
length: 255,
nullable: false,
unique: true,
default: null
)]
public string $email;</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Special Attributes
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Use special attributes for common patterns:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Timestamps;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\SoftDelete;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Status;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\MetaData;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Index;
#[Table('posts')]
class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
// Timestamps (created_at, updated_at)
#[Timestamps]
public string $created_at;
public string $updated_at;
// Soft delete (deleted_at)
#[SoftDelete]
public ?string $deleted_at;
// Status enum column
#[Status(values: ['draft', 'published', 'archived'])]
public string $status;
// JSON metadata column
#[MetaData]
public ?array $metadata;
// Index
#[Index(name: 'idx_posts_user_id', columns: ['user_id'], unique: false)]
public int $user_id;
}</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Relationship Attributes
</h3>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-4">
Define relationships using relationship
attributes:
</p>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Relations\BelongsTo;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Relations\HasMany;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\Relations\ManyToMany;
#[Table('posts')]
class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
// BelongsTo relationship
#[BelongsTo(related: 'User', foreignKey: 'user_id', onDelete: 'CASCADE')]
public int $user_id;
// ManyToMany relationship (creates join table)
#[ManyToMany(
related: 'Tag',
joinTable: 'post_tags',
foreignKey: 'post_id',
relatedKey: 'tag_id'
)]
public array $tags;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Raw SQL Migrations -->
<section
id="raw-sql-migrations"
class="section-anchor mb-12"
>
<h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4">
Raw SQL Migrations
</h2>
<p class="text-gray-600 mb-6">
For full control, use raw SQL migrations with
helper methods for cross-database compatibility.
</p>
<h3 class="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
Basic Structure
</h3>
<div
class="code-block p-6 text-white rounded-lg mb-6"
>
<pre><code class="language-php">use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Attributes\GroupMigration;
use App\Modules\ForgeDatabaseSQL\DB\Migrations\Migration;